Indonesia

Healthcare System

BPJS Kesehatan (Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Kesehatan) covers ~95% of the population (~280M people), making it one of the world's largest single-payer systems. Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) is the national health insurance program. Indonesia has a mixed public-private system with significant regional disparities between Java and outer islands.

System Type: Universal health coverage through BPJS Kesehatan
Regulatory Body: BPOM (Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan) — Indonesian FDA. Kemenkes (Kementerian Kesehatan) — Ministry of Health. KARS — hospital accreditation.
Data Protection: UU Perlindungan Data Pribadi (PDP Law, 2022, partially effective) — Indonesia's data protection law modeled on GDPR. Health data classified as sensitive personal data requiring explicit consent for processing.
Currency: IDR
Emergency Number: 118/119
Languages: id

Coding Systems

diagnosis

ICD-10-WHO

Indonesia uses WHO ICD-10 for diagnosis coding in all healthcare facilities. No national modification (unlike ICD-10-TM in Thailand or ICD-10-CM in US).

dental

FDI (ISO 3950)

Federation Dentaire Internationale two-digit notation used nationally

procedures

INA-CBG

Indonesia Case-Based Groups — episode-of-care DRG-like bundles for hospital reimbursement under BPJS. Not individual procedure codes; each CBG represents a complete episode with bundled procedures, diagnostics, and length of stay.

drugs

BPOM (Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan)

Indonesian FDA equivalent. Drug registration and classification. National Formulary (FORNAS) for BPJS-covered medicines. Jamu (traditional herbal medicine) regulated separately by BPOM under distinct category.

Translation Corridors

ID→SG (medical tourism, Indonesian patients seeking SG treatment) ID→MY (cross-border care, especially from Sumatra to Penang/KL) ID→AU (Indonesian students/workers, health records for Australian insurers) ID→SA (Indonesian workers needing health documentation for Saudi employers) ID→US (Indonesian Americans, health records for US insurers) ID→NL (historical ties, Dutch insurers processing Indonesian records) SG→ID (Singaporean medical tourism TO Indonesia — emerging, cost-driven) MY→ID (Malaysians seeking affordable care in Indonesia — emerging)

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