Japan
JP
Healthcare System
Universal health insurance (Kokumin Kaihoken, 国民皆保険) since 1961. All residents enrolled in one of two main tracks. Patient copay: 30% standard (20% for children <6, 20-10% for elderly 70+). Fee schedule (Shinryō Hōshū) set by MHLW every two years.
- System Type
- Universal single-payer (Bismarck + Beveridge hybrid)
- Regulatory Body
- PMDA (Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency / 独立行政法人医薬品医療機器総合機構, Dokuritsu Gyosei Hojin Iyakuhin Iryo Kiki Sogo Kiko). Drug approval under Act on Securing Quality, Efficacy and Safety of Products Including Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices (薬機法, Yakki-ho, formerly Pharmaceutical Affairs Act/薬事法).
- Data Protection
- Act on the Protection of Personal Information (個人情報の保護に関する法律, APPI). Medical information is sensitive personal information requiring explicit consent.
- Currency
- JPY (Japanese Yen, 円)
- Emergency Number
- 119 (fire/ambulance), 110 (police)
- Languages
- ja
Coding Systems
diagnosis
ICD-10 (2013 WHO version with Japanese extensions)
Japan uses the WHO ICD-10 2013 version with Japanese-specific supplementary codes (ICD-10 adaptation, 疾病及び関連保健問題の国際統計分類第10回改訂版). Administered by MHLW. Not ICD-10-CM or ICD-10-GM.
dental
FDI (ISO 3950)
Federation Dentaire Internationale two-digit notation. Japan officially uses FDI notation system.
procedures
Shinryō Hōshū Tentōsuhyō (診療報酬点数表)
Medical fee schedule point table. Each medical and dental act has a fixed point value. 1 point = 10 yen (fixed since 1958). Revised biennially by MHLW.
drugs
Japanese Pharmacopoeia (JP/日本薬局方) + Yakka (薬価)
Drug identity governed by Japanese Pharmacopoeia (JP, 日本薬局方). NHI drug price list (薬価基準, Yakka Kijun) is the national formulary. Yakuhin Code (薬品コード) used for drug identification in clinical systems.
Translation Corridors
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