Malaysia

diagnosis

ICD-10 (WHO base edition)

Malaysia mandates ICD-10 (WHO edition) for hospital discharge diagnoses. MOH mandated ICD-10 coding from 2001. Public sector uses ICD-10 3rd edition with local extensions. Private hospitals: ICD-10 coding for insurance claims. Note: Malaysia uses the WHO base ICD-10 — NOT ICD-10-AM (Australian Modification) like UAE and Australia, and NOT ICD-10-CM (US Clinical Modification). Chapter-level alignment is identical; 5th-character subclassification extensions may differ.

procedures

MCHI (Malaysian Classification of Health Interventions)

MCHI is the Malaysian national procedure coding system, directly based on ACHI (Australian Classification of Health Interventions, 12th edition structure). MOH adopted ACHI as the foundation and added Malaysia-specific extensions, primarily for Traditional & Complementary Medicine (T&CM) interventions. MCHI codes follow identical alphanumeric structure to ACHI (e.g., 49318-00). For the vast majority of surgical and medical procedures, MCHI codes are identical to ACHI codes. Malaysia-specific additions are in the T99xxx–T99xxx range for T&CM. See mchi-achi-my-mappings.json for the delta file; achi-cpt-mappings.json covers the inherited ACHI base.

drg

MY-DRG (Malaysian Diagnosis-Related Group)

Malaysian casemix DRG system developed by Casemix Unit, MOH. Based on Australian AR-DRG (Australian Refined DRG) framework, adapted for Malaysian epidemiology and cost weights. Used for hospital performance measurement, cost benchmarking, and in some insurance contracts. MY-DRG codes: 3-character DRG code (e.g., I18B for major hip procedures). Not directly used for insurance reimbursement (fee-for-service dominates in private sector).

dental

FDI (ISO 3950 two-digit notation)

Federation Dentaire Internationale two-digit notation universally used in Malaysian dentistry (public and private). MOH Dental Services Division uses FDI. Private dental claims: FDI tooth numbering + BPE (Basic Periodontal Examination).

drugs

NPRA (National Pharmaceutical Regulatory Agency) Registration

All pharmaceutical products marketed in Malaysia require NPRA registration. Registration number format: MAL-XXXXXXXX (e.g., MAL19960012AX). Displayed on drug packaging. The National Formulary (Formulari Ubat-Ubatan Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia) lists approved drugs for public sector procurement. Traditional medicine products: Traditional/Herbal product registration via NPRA Traditional Product Registration (MAL prefix, different category). Controlled substances (psychotropics, opioids): governed by Dangerous Drugs Act 1952 (DDA) and Poisons Act 1952.

traditional Medicine

T&CM (Traditional & Complementary Medicine) — MCHI T99 codes

Malaysia has a formal regulatory framework for Traditional & Complementary Medicine (T&CM) under MOH, including Traditional Malay Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Traditional Indian Medicine (Ayurveda/Siddha/Unani), and Complementary Medicine (homeopathy, chiropractic, osteopathy). MOH-licensed T&CM practitioners. MCHI has dedicated codes in the T99xxx range for registered T&CM interventions. T&CM products: registered separately via NPRA Traditional Product Registration. Jamu: traditional Malay/Javanese herbal medicine — widely used; regulatory status: products must be NPRA-registered; practitioners: under Traditional Malay Medicine stream.